Obverse Design

The central feature of the obverse is a crowned monogram. All the letters for PHILLIPVS (the king's name) are represented in the monogram. A border of beads goes around the monogram, and another border of beads appears next to the edge of the coin. In the area between these bead circles is the legend "G . PHILLIPVS . DE" and means "PHILLIP BY THE GRACE OF GOD". On the example above, only the last few letters of PHILLIPVS and the DE are legible, and some of the letters did not fit on the planchet. The beads of the circle do not line up indicating that this cob was struck at least twice (which was not uncommon), and the die did not land in the same place each time.

Inside the inner circle of beads, next to the monogram on the left is an "A" over a "P". This is the Panama mint mark. Although not visible on the example above, the assayer mark of "P" normally appears next to the monogram on the right, inside the inner circle of beads. The assayer's mark of "M" is visible, also inside the inner circle of beads, underneath the monogram.

Reverse Design The central feature of the reverse is a cross with bars. This style of cross is called the cross of Jerusalem. In the upper left and lower right quandrants appeared the stylized castles representing Castile (one of the original component kingdoms of Spain). In the upper right and lower left quadrants appeared stylized standing Lions representing Leon (another original Spanish kingdom). A border of beads goes around the central cross, and another border of beads appears next to the edge of the coin. In the area between these bead circles was the legend "ET INDIARVM REX", which is the continuation of the legend from the obverse and means "AND INDIES KING".
Metal Silver from Peru. Weight About 1.72 grams. Size and Shape About round, approximately 19 mm in diameter.
Dates Issued 1580 to 1583. Issurer King Phillip II of Spain. Assayer Assayers P and M, names unknown.
Rarity Very Rare. Other Catalog Numbers Proctor/Stallard Variety HR.1.
Varieties Half reales cobs from Panama are known with assayer marks of o/X and P-M.
Population Count xx specimens known.
Notes